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Biomarkers are the detectable changes associated with physiological or pathological changes. Urine as excreta of the body, without the mechanisms to maintain a homeostatic internal environment, can reflect a variety of changes in the body. Using animal models can simulate human disease processes, monitor disease changes, and provide clues to early diagnosis. Rats as commonly used model animals are not the dominant models for all disease, thus comparing the urinary proteins of rats with other animals to provide clues to the selection of other animal dominant models. In this study, urinary proteins were digested and profiled by liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The urinary proteins of rats, guinea pigs and golden hamsters were compared. The results showed that the number of urine proteins in the three different animals was different, and also different in every system of the body. This provides a basis for selecting the best animal models for different diseases.
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OBJECTIVE:To study the effect and its possible mechanism of Xuezhiping capsule on blood lipid levels of high blood lipid model golden hamsters. METHODS:Golden hamsters were randomly divided into normal control group,model group, atorvastatin group (3 mg/kg),combination group (Xuezhiping capsule 1.3 g/kg+atorvastatin 1.5 mg/kg),Xuezhiping capsule low-dose,medium-dose,high-dose groups(Xuezhiping capsule 1.3,2.6,5.2 g/kg),10 in each group. Hamsters in normal control group received normal diet,the other groups were given high-fat diet to establish high blood lipid model. Then relevant drugs were intragastrically given 2 weeks later. Normal control group and model group were intragastrically given equal volume of distilled wa-ter,once a day,for 4 weeks. After last administration,blood lipid indexes(TG,TC,HDL-C,LDL-C,FFA),mRNA and protein expressions of lipid metabolism related genes (PPAR-α,CYP7A1,ACOX,SREBP-1c,ACC1) were detected. RESULTS:Com-pared with normal control group,serum contents of TC,TG,LDL-C,FFA in model group increased,HDL-C content decreased;PPAR-α,CYP7A1,ACOX mRNA and protein expressions were weakened,SREBP-1c,ACC1 mRNA and protein expressions were enhanced(P<0.05). Compared with model group,above-mentioned indexes were obviously improved in Xuezhiping capsule high-dose group,atorvastatin group and combination group (except for HDL-C in Xuezhiping capsule high-dose group)(P<0.05);TC,TG,FFA contents,and PPAR-α,CYP7A1,ACOX,ACC1 mRNA,and CYP7A1,SREBP-1c,ACC1 protein were obviously improved in Xuezhiping capsule medium-dose group(P<0.05);TC,TG contents,and PPAR-α mRNA,and CYP7A1, SREBP-1c protein were obviously improved in Xuezhiping capsule low-dose group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Xuezhiping cap-sule has a promising effect of lowering blood lipid,the mechanism may be related to activating PPAR-α and inhibiting SREBP-lc signaling pathway.
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Objective To observe the protective effect of asiatic acid on hyperlipidemia golden hamsters induced by high fat diet and explore its mechanism.Methods Hyperlipidemic golden hamsters fed with high-fat diet were administered orally with asiatic acid (8,16,32 mg/kg)for 4 weeks.Levels of serum lipid content,liver histology,hepatic GSH-PX and SOD levels,serum ALT and AST activities were evaluated in golden hamsters,fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)is using to examine the liver lecithin cholesterol fatty acyl transferase(LCAT) and class B typeⅠscavenger receptor(SR-BⅠ)mRNA expression. Results Compared with model group,the levels of TC,TG,LDL-C,TC/HDL,ALT and AST in low and mediate asiatic acid groups were all significantly decreased but the levels of SOD and GSH-PX were significantly increased(P<0.01).HE staining results showed that fat deposition in the liver were improved by administration of asiatic acid,and the expression of LCAT and SR-BⅠmRNA were increased.Conclusion Asiatic acid can effectively reduce blood lipid levels,and alleviate liver damage of the hyperlipidemia golden hamsters by lipid regulation and antioxidative ability augmentation.The increased levels of LCAT and SR-BⅠmRNA expression maybe involved in the mechanism of hypolipidaemic effect of asiatic acid.
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Objective To establish the golden hamster model of buccal squamous carcinoma and observe its biological character-istics .Methods 50 golden hamster were randomly divided into two group :experiment group (n=40) and control group(n=10) . Buccal mucosa of golden hamster were daubed by exposure 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO) in experiment group and tap water in control group .HE staining and immunohistochemistry were used to observe the tissue sample on the 8th and 12th week .The tissue samples of golden hamster buccal-mucosa cancer were used for the in-vitro subculture .Then flat cloning formation rate ,expression of CK and Vim ,and cell karyotype were detected .Results The observations of cell morphology and biology showed that the tissue of buccal squamous carcinoma were conformed to the basic characteristics of squamous carcinoma cell in 26 golden hamster(84 .6% ) after 12 weeks .The positive rate of CK and Vim were 96 .0% by immunohistochemical staining .The Chromosomes were tetraploid karyotype .Conclusion We successfully established the golden hamster model of buccal squamous carcinoma by the daub method of 4NQO .
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AIM: To study the expression and the role of ERK1/2 and JNK1/2 of MAPKs pathways in the development of neural tube defects induced by hyperthermia. METHODS: The animal models of golden hamster were produced by hyperthermia. The expression of ERK1/2 and JNK1/2, and levels of their phosphorylation were measured by Western blotting in control group and hyperthermia group. RESULTS: p-ERK1/2 steadily expressed in each control group, and the expression of p-ERK1/2 significantly decreased, which was different from that in the corresponding control group (P<0.05). The activity of p-JNK1/2 increased in hyperthermia group and the amount of p-JNK1/2 increased as compared to control group. The peak appeared at 16 h after exposed to hyperthermia (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Hyperthermia, which induces a decrease in p-ERK1/2 expression and increases the expression of p-JNK1/2 of MAPKs pathway, results in the unbalance of cell proliferation and apoptosis, and induces neural tube defects.
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[Objective] To investigate the effect of the secretory proteins of the ventral prostate glands on the sperm membrane proteins in golden hamsters. [Methods] The sperm was collected from female hamsters uteri after mated with the males with or without ventral prostate gland. Male golden hamsters were divided into four experimental groups: (i) all accessory sex glands (ASG) removed; (ii) ventral prostate gland removed; (iii) all ASG removed except ventral prostate gland and (iv) sham-operated controls. Each group contained 6 hamsters. The sperm membrane proteins were extracted from uterine sperm and analyzed by SDS-PAGE and two dimension electrophoresis. [Results] The SDS-PAGE results of sperm membrane showed that the ventral prostate glands added up some proteins or increased the quantity of some proteins, which contained molecular mass (MM)15 k, 29 k, 38 k, 55 k, and 91 k proteins, to the sperm membrane. 2D-electrophoresis of sperm membrane showed that some extra protein spots were appeared in with ventral prostate gland groups, their MM and isoelectric point (IP) corresponding to 16 k/8.60, 16.6 k/9.20, 28 k/5.88, 28 k/6.10, 29 k/5.98, 32 k/6.35, 32 k/6.50, 32 k/7.20, 61 k/5.90,and 83 k/6.40, respectively. The quantity of some protein spots increased in sperm membrane of ventral prostate glands group, their MM/IP coresponding to 17 k/5.95, 17.5 k/6.50, 24 k/7.20, 26 k/5.40, 26 k/5.60, 27 k/7.20, 27 k/7.50, 28 k/5.70, 29 k/8.50, 42 k/6.50, and 42 k/7.00, respectively. [Conclusion] The ventral prostate gland secretion plays a role in regulating the sperm membrane proteins and the latter may in turn affect the male fertility or embryo development.
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Objective:To observe and analyze the dynamic changes of hamster's cheek pouch mucosa in different stages of the carcinogenesis under naked eye and light microscope with the carcinogenic agent dimethyl-benzanthracene(DMBA).Methods:DMBA was painted on hamster's cheek pouch mucosa,3 times a week.Dynamic observation of the carcinogenesis of cheek pouch mucous membrane was carried out under naked eye;histological dynamic changes in the microstructure of cheek pouch mucosa in the carcinogenesis were observed under light microscope after the animals were killed respectively in the 2nd week,the 4th week,the 6th week,the 10th week,the 12th week and the 14th week.Results:For the cheek pouch mucosa of hamster painted with DMBA,the simple hyperplasia appeared in the 2nd week,the mild epithelial dysplasia in the 4th week,the moderate dysplasia in the 6th week,the severe dysplasia the partial changes of carcinoma in situ in the 8th week and cancer in the 10th week.All cancer models appearing in the experiment belonged to the well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma.Conclusion:The carcinoma of hamster cheek pouch mucosa induced by DMBA is similar to the human oral squamous cell carcinoma so it is an ideal model for studying the oral squamous cell carcinoma in multi-stage and multi-step dynamic development.
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The developing heart in this study is focused on serial sections of 4-12 mm golden hamster embryos, which were stained with hematoxylin and observed under a light microscope, compared to 10 mm pig embryos. The developing hearts of Golden hamster and pig embryos are very similar. Although the partition of the hamster’s heart is still incomplete, it is clearly divided into four chambers. Two atria are separated by septum primum which grows ventrally but does not reach the endocardial cushion; the foramen primum still remains in the 4 mm stage. This is just a very minor difference compared to that of the 10 mm pig embryo. This foramen is later closed at the older stage. Two ventricles are incompletely separated by the interventricular septum, remaining the interventricular foramen. The ventricle is connected to the bulbus cordis and truncus arteriosus, draining blood to the aortic sac. This study indicates that the developing heart of a golden hamster embryo can be used as a laboratory model instead of that of a pig embryo in order to study the development of a human heart. This will solve the problem of insufficient pig embryos and maintain the efficacy in the study embryology.
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@#ObjectiveTo observe the effects of Jiuqiang Naoliqing(JNQ) on the microcirculation of the cheek pouch of golden hamsters. MethodsAutomatic measuring device was used to evaluate the changes of microcirculation. ResultsAfter the disorder of microcirculation of cheek pouch made by noradrenaline(NA), the JNQ group recovered better and more rapidly than other groups. ConclusionJNQ can prevent and reverse the disorder of microcirculation made by NA, and do better than NQ.
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Objective To investigate the effects of transplantation of sciatic nerve(SN) and injection of 8-(4-Chlorophenylthio)-cAMP(CPT-cAMP) into the viteous on axotomized retinal ganglion cells(RGCs) in adult hamsters. Methods Twenty adult golden hamsters were ramdomly divided into 4 groups.Optic nerve(ON) was transected and a segment of autologous sciatic nerve(attached graft,AG) was removed and sutured to the proximal stump of ON in regenerating control group(AG group).The animals in experimental groups were further treated with CPT-cAMP injection and/or implantation of a short of segment sciatic nerve(SN) intravitrously.Fluorescent retrograde labeling method and quantitative anatomical techniques were used to measure the number of RGCs. Results 1.In control (AG) retinas,the mean number of regenerating RGCs was 1*!428?284/retina.2.In AG+SN group,the mean number of regenerating RGCs was 2*!220?415/retina.3.In AG+cAMP group,the mean number of regenerating RGCs was 2*!175?364/retina.4.The mean number of regenerating RGCs in AG+cAMP+SN group were 4*!255?820/retina.AG+SN,AG+cAMP groups were significantly different from AG group(P
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Objective To study the effect of mannose receptor(MR) from human spermatozoa on sperm-egg fusion. Methods The Balb/c mouse was immunized with the purified mannose receptor(pMR) which was isolated from motile human sperm by mannose-agarose gel affinity chromatography and the anti-MR serum was harvested. Human sperm after induction of acrosome reaction was pretreated with anti-MR serum and subsequently processed in sperm penetration assay (SPA). Results The anti-MR serum can inhibit human spermatozoa from binding and penetrating zona-free golden hamster eggs with a dose-dependent reduction of Fertilization rate(FR) and Penetration index(PI).Conclusion The results indicate that MR of human sperm plays an important role in sperm-oocyte fusion.
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Purpose:To investigate the DNA content and cell proliferation during the course of development of golden hamster buccal pouch carcinoma.Methods:60 golden hamsters were divided into 6 groups,0.5% DMBA were application to the buccal pouch mucosas of 1～5 groups, and then animals were killed at 6W, 8W, 10W, 12W and 16W after application of DMBA, the animals of normal group were killed at 16W . Buccal pouch samples were taken and each sample was cut into two parts, one was processed histologically way, the other sample was detected and analysed with flow cytometry for DNA content and cell cycle.Results:Our results revealed that the DNA of normal mucosa and hyperplasia appeared diploid; there were 16.7% (2/12) of anuploid in the mild and moderate dysplasia; 33.3% (3/9) of DNA anuploid in severe dysplasia; 54.1(6/11)% of DNA anuploid in carcinoma in situ ; and 78.57% (11/14) of DNA anuploid in invasive carcinoma. DI value and S phase proliferation became higher as the mucosal lesion became heavier , the S phase of severe dysplasia was the highest (39.31%).Conclusions:DNA anuploid is the marker of malignant tumor; the cell rate of S phase can be considered a sign of malignant tumor proliferation , it is a valuable guide for clinical treatment and prognosis assessment in oral carcinoma .
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Objective:To investigate ?-catenin expression during check pouch carcinogenesis in golden hamster.Methods:Expression of ?-catenin was examined with immunohistochemical SABC method in 23 cases of check normal buccal epithelium of golden hamster,22 of hyperplasitic epithelium,22 of dysplastic epithelium,29 of squamous cell carcinoma.Results:Normal buccal epithelium showed strong pericellular staining in the basal,suprabasal and prickle cell layers.Positive rates(%) of ?-catenin in normal buccal epithelium,hyperplastic epithelium,dysplastic epithelium and squamous cell carcinoma were 100,100,77.3 and 41.4 respectively.Conclusion: The decreased expression of ?-catenin may be related to the carcinogenesis of golden hamster check pouch.
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Objective To explore the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax in embryonic neuroepithelial cells in Golden hamster exposured to the teratogenic dose of alcohol. Methods The experimental pregnant golden hamsters were given ethanol through intraperitoneally injected, 5.8 g/kg body weight. The Bcl-2 and Bax expressions in neuroepithelial cells of experimental and control animals were detected with immunohistochemical and image analysis at 4,8,16,24,48 and 72 h time points after treatment. Results Bcl-2 and Bax proteins distributed in nuclear membranes and cytoplasm of the neuroepithelial cells as well as mesenchymal cells. In control groups, the expressions of these two kind proteins increased as the time passed at beginning, 16 hours after, came to the summit and then descended gradually. Compared with the control, the expressions of Bcl-2 in experimental groups were down-regulated, expressions of Bax were up-regulated except at 8 h time point. Conclusion Alcohol can induce down-regulation of the expression of Bcl-2 protein and up-regulation of the expression of bax protein, which may play a an important role in regulation of apoptosis in alcohol-induced neural tube malformation.
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Observations were made on the cheek pounches painted with DMBA of 30 golden hamsters for twelve weeks.Histopathological and ultrastructural results of carcinogenesis were observed.With the occurrences of hyperplasia dysplasia and carcinom, a progressively increased euchromatin,nuclearcytoplasmic ratio and increased number of polyribosomes could be observed. However,the number of tonofibrils,desmosomes,heterochromatins and chondriosomes was decreased.Enlarged and multiple nucleoli and mitosis could be seen. Basement membrane was absent in some areas.In a word,the epithelium underwent a progressively active proliferation and poor differentiation during the carcinogenesis
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Objective To investigate the expression of GDNF in the olfactory ensheathing glia cells of the adult rats and golden hamster for studying the mechanisms of the OECs in the CNS regeneration. Methods The immunohistochemical staining was performed on the slides of adult olfactory bulb from 3 rats and 3 golden hamsters.According to the primary antibody,tissue slides were divided into 3 groups:rabbit polyclonal GDNF,the rabbit polyclonal GFAP and rabbit polyclonal NGFRp75(Santa Cruz Biotechnology)respectively,and followed by the rabbit ABC immunoreactive staining system. Results It revealed that GDNF was expressed by cells in the first two lines of olfactory bulb from rat and golden hamster.The GFAP and NGFRp75 were also expressed in the same position from other two groups of slides respectively.Conclusion The olfactory ensheathing cell could secret GDNF in the progress of mediating neuronal survival and axonal elongation.
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Connection between the superior colliculus(SC)and the dorsal and ventral lateral geniculate nuclei (LGd and LGv) were studied in adult golden hamsters using anterograde and retrograde pathway tracing methods 1. In four hamsters, the cytoarchitecture of the SC, LGd and LGv was examined in brain sections stained with Nissl's or Loyez's method. 2. A single injection of a mixture of ~3H-leucine and ~3H-proline was made into various regions of the SC in each of 4 animals (1 day survival) for studying the pattern of terminal distribution of the projections from the SC to the ipsilateral LGd and LGv. In animals where the injection site was located in the superficial gray layers of the lateral portion of the SC, labelled terminals were found in the caudal lateral part of the LGd and LGv. In the case where the injection was restricted in more medial part of the SC, the terminal labelling was observed in the rostral lateral portion of the lateral geniculate nuclei. 3. One day after an injection of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) into the LGd (4 animals), LGv(2 animals), or LP(2 animals) labelled neurons were observed in the superficial gray layers of the ipsilateral superior colliculus. No HRP-labelled neuron was detected in deeper laminae in the colliculus. These results indicate that neurons in the superficial gray layers of the SC project to the ipsilateral LGd and LGv, and the projections are organized topogra- phically according to the retinotopic or visual field map
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Objective To observe the expression of the small heat shock protein (HSP27) in the optic chiasma (OC), optic tract (OT), dorsal lateral geniculate body(LG) and superior colliculus (SC) of the adult golden hamster after intraorbital transection of the left optic nerve (ON). Methods The experimental animals were left to survive for l, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8 weeks following ON transection. The animals were perfused with formol-saline and brains were excised, sectioned and stained with the immunohistochemistry. The sections were observed under the light microscope, the optical density (A) was measured and the data were analysed statistically. Results Immunohistochemical results indicated that the HSP27-expressions were not different between the right and left side of the OC, OT, LG and SC in normal or sham-operation controls. However, following transection of the left ON, HSP27 immunohistochemical stainings in the right site of OC, OT,LG and SC were increased, comparing with the left side. The maximum difference of HSP27 immunostaining between the right and left side appeared in the lst week following left ON axotomy. The sharply decrease of the A difference occurred at the 2nd week after axotomy with insignificant changes in the subsequent several weeks. And the significant A difference was observed in most time except 6th week. Most of HSP27-positive cells had morphological appearances similar to astrocytes with smaller cell body and numerous processes. Conclusion After the transection of monolateral ON, HSP27 expressions in the contralateral optic pathway of brain increased and persisted up to 8 weeks. This result suggested that the increase of HSP27 expression had something to do with the injury of the optic pathway, but the mechanism and biological significance of the increase in HSP27 expression level required to be studied further.;
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With transmission electron microscopy,the endoplasmic reticulum of the parathyroid chief cells in normal and cadmium-treated golden hamsters was observed. After 1 month treatment of cadmium, there were dilated and whorl-shaped rough endoplasmic reticulum in the chief cells. After 3 and 6 months treatment of cadmium, there were concentric membranous body and paired endoplasmic reticulum in the chief cells. The mechanism responsible for the morphological change of the endoplasmic reticulum after cadmium treatment and the possible toxicologic effect were discussed.
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After autologous transplantation of sciatic nerve segments into the retinae of adult golden hamsters for 1-4 months, anterograde and retrograde labelling with horseradish peroxidase demonstrated that ganglion cell axons have regrown into the peripheral nerve graft for a distance up to 2 cm. The regenerating axons into the grafts were distributed within fan-or beltshaped areas between the sites of grafting and the limbus of the retina, their numbers being greater for grafts near the optic disc than for those in the outer portions of the retina. Histogram of cell soma areas of labelled neurons from retinae with grafts indicated that all normal cell sizes were represented and there was a substantial population of enlarged neurons. Retrograde labelling with fluorescent dyes, Nuclear Yellow, applied to the optic tract and True Blue to the graft, demonstrated that the regenerating axons originated from axotomized ganglion cells rather than by axonal collateral sprouting of undamaged neurons.